UTERINE FIBROID
Uterine fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the walls of the uterus. They are one of the most common reproductive health issues affecting people with uteruses. Fibroids can vary in size and location, and they can cause a range of symptoms or sometimes no symptoms at all. Here's some information about uterine fibroids:
Causes:
The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but they are influenced by hormonal factors, particularly estrogen and progesterone. Genetic predisposition and family history can also play a role in their development.
Symptoms:
The presence and severity of symptoms can vary widely among individuals. Some common symptoms of uterine fibroids include:
- Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Fibroids can cause heavy or prolonged menstrual periods (menorrhagia).
- Pelvic Pain or Pressure: Larger fibroids or those located in certain areas of the uterus can cause pelvic pain, pressure, or discomfort.
- Frequent Urination: Fibroids pressing against the bladder can lead to increased urgency and frequency of urination.
- Constipation: Fibroids pressing against the rectum can cause constipation.
- Enlarged Abdomen: Large fibroids can cause the abdomen to appear distended or enlarged.
- Pain During Intercourse: Fibroids that press against the cervix or vaginal wall can cause pain during sexual intercourse.
Diagnosis:
A gynecologist will typically perform a pelvic exam to feel for any abnormalities. Additional tests may include ultrasound, MRI, or other imaging methods to confirm the presence, size, and location of fibroids.
Treatment:
Treatment options for uterine fibroids depend on factors such as the size and location of the fibroids, the severity of symptoms, and the patient’s preferences. Treatment options include:
- Watchful Waiting: If fibroids are small and not causing symptoms, they might not require treatment, but regular monitoring is important.
- Medications: Hormonal medications, such as birth control pills, can help manage symptoms like heavy bleeding and pain. GnRH agonists can also shrink fibroids temporarily.
- Minimally Invasive Procedures:
- Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): A procedure that blocks blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink.
- Myomectomy: Surgical removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus, suitable for those who want to maintain fertility.
- Surgery:
- Hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus, which is a definitive solution but is usually reserved for cases where other treatments are ineffective or when fertility is not a concern.
A laparoscopic hysterectomy is a surgical procedure in which the uterus is removed through small incisions using specialized instruments and a camera. This method is also known as minimally invasive surgery and offers several advantages compared to traditional open surgery.
Advantages:
Laparoscopic hysterectomy offers several benefits compared to traditional open surgery:
- Smaller Incisions: The incisions are much smaller, resulting in less scarring and reduced pain and discomfort.
- Faster Recovery: Patients generally experience a quicker recovery and shorter hospital stay compared to open surgery.
- Less Blood Loss: The risk of blood loss during the surgery is reduced.
- Lower Risk of Infection: Smaller incisions mean a lower risk of postoperative infections.
- Reduced Pain: Patients often experience less postoperative pain compared to open surgery.
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